Robot basics

Robot basics¶

An FRC robot is built around a few core subsystems.

Drivetrain¶

• The drive base moves the robot around the field.
• Common styles:
• Tank drive – two sides of wheels, each side powered independently.
• Swerve drive – each wheel steers and drives, allowing motion in any direction.
• Mecanum / omni – special wheels to enable strafing.
• Priorities:
• Reliable, strong, and easy for drivers to control.
• Robust to defense and impacts.

Game piece mechanisms¶

Examples (depend on the year’s game):

• Intakes – bring game pieces into the robot.
• Conveyors / feeders – move pieces from intake to other mechanisms.
• Shooters / launchers – score balls or other projectiles.
• Arms / elevators – lift or place game pieces at different heights.

Design considerations:

• Reach and scoring locations.
• Speed vs. control.
• Weight and packaging on the robot.

Climbing / endgame mechanisms¶

Many games include an endgame task (climbing a bar, balancing, docking, etc.).

• Often a separate mechanism (hook, winch, pivoting arm, etc.).
• Must be strong and safe, with clear software interlocks.

Control system overview¶

Key components on a typical FRC robot:

• RoboRIO – main robot controller (runs code).
• Power Distribution – main breaker and fuse-protected channels.
• Motor controllers – regulate power to motors (Talon, Spark, etc.).
• Radio – connects the robot to the field and driver station.
• Sensors – encoders, gyros, limit switches, cameras, and more.

Good wiring and labeling are essential for fast troubleshooting at events.